What is a "noun modifier" in Korean?

What is a noun modifier? Noun Modifiers are structures in Korean grammar that are used to connect a noun with an adjective or other noun. This allows the speaker to give more detailed information about the noun.

In Korean, "noun modifiers" refer to words or phrases used before a noun to provide additional information about the noun. Noun modifiers help describe or identify the noun in more detail, thus enriching the meaning of the sentence and providing a clearer context.

How to explain the object using the verb in the past tense

  • 귀여운 고양이= funny cat
  • 더러운 방 = dirty room
  • 좋은 날 = good day

How to Explain Objects Using Verbs in The Present Tense

  • 자고있는 고양이 = sleeping cat
  • 떨어지고있는 남자 = fallen man
  • 미소고있는 사람 = people who smile

How to Explain Objects using Verbs in Future Tense

  • 떨어질 남자 = a man who will fall
  • 웃을 사람 = people who will smile

Previous Lesson: 영향 & 그냥

Korean Adjective in Past Tense

Having laid the foundation with the preceding introduction, it's now opportune to transition to the focal point of this lesson. 

As we delve into elucidating nouns through past tense adjectives, our focus gravitates towards the utilization of specific terms: ~ 던 or ~ 었 / 았던, seamlessly integrated into the realm of basic adjectives. 

Examples :
  • 좋던 : good
  • 외롭던 : lonely

When adding ~ 었 / 았던, we need to connect 었 / 았 first to the basic word of the adjectives. 

Examples :

  • 좋았던 : that was good
  • 외로웠던 : I was lonely

If we put the adjective before the noun, the sentence will look like these two examples:

  • 좋았던 신발 : (was) a good shoe
  • 외로웠던 사람 : (was) a lonely person 

Future Tense

Just like the past tense, future tenses are also arranged by removing the syllable 다 in adjectives and replaced by ~ ㄹ. Let's take a look at the following examples below:
  • 좋을 사람 : will become a good person
  • 부유할 학생 : students who will become rich

~던 or ~었던/았던

How to use ~던

So, when you stick ~던 at the end of a verb, it's like giving the noun a little extra context. And this is the cool part: 던 also implies that the action is a common thing to do at that time. Let's go over an example to make this clear:

내가 먹던 음식 : The food I eat (it happened repeatedly)
내가 입던 바지 : The pants I wear (it happened repeatedly)

Read also: Korean Verb Modifier

We can't just apply the previous examples to situations like the one below. No, it won't work. Why? Because this is not an everyday or repetitive activity: 

> 내가 사던책
    (Book that I bought [many times])

or

> 내가 신책
    (Book that I buy)

More specifically, 던 can be used for sentences that have the meaning "am/is/are doing something". Examples : 
> 내가 운전했던 차는 고장났어
    (The car I was driving broke down)
> 내가 입었던 신발
    (The shoes I was wearing)

How to use ~었/았던

If ~ 던 can be added to verbs to explain something that happened in the past repeatedly, then by adding ~ 었 / 았던 to adjectives, we can explain nouns with a meaning very similar to ~ ㄴ / 은. Example:
> 내가 입은 신발
    (The shoes I'm wearing)

> 내가 입었던 신발
    (The shoes I was searing)

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