Learning Korean Language: Adjectives in Korean.

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When you're learning Korean language, one thing you're bound to come across is 'words'. Words are divided into several parts. Here we will study a branch of words, called adjectives.

In Korean adjective known as "형용사" (hyeongyongsa). It is an important part of the Korean language used to describe objects or people in a sentence. Like adjectives in any other languages, it gives information to someone about quantity, quality, and others.


Korean Demonstrative Word (이/ 그/ 저)

Before we take a step to the next lesson, I will tell you “what is demonstrative words”. Demonstrative words are like a noun phrase to show the place of something or someone, demonstrative words are also used as a pronoun. There are 3 words that used as a pronoun in Korean 이, 그 or 저. 이 means this, 그 and 저 have the same meaning "that". "그" is used to indicate objects that are not too far from us, while "저" is used to indicate objects that are very far away.

Before we talk about this section. We have known how to construct sentences. Now we will make some sentences using the demonstrative words "이", "그", "저", Let's look at the picture below:


How to Express Good or Bad in Korean

These adjectives are used to describe the quality of subject or object. Good in Korean is "좋다" and Bad in Korean is "싫다". Let’s look at the following explanation:

1. Good (좋다)

If we want to say something "good" in Korean, the word that can be used is "좋다". "좋다" is a passive word, so the noun used in this sentence must be followed by "이" / "가". We will learn about passive voice in the next lessons.

  1. 이 가방이 좋다 : this bag is good
  2. 그 탁자가 좋다 : this table is good


If you're still confused about the grammar, I've been talked about it so you can go and check Korean Sentence Structure.


2. Bad (싫다)

The opposite of good words is bad. We can use "싫다" to say something that we think is bad. The sentence structure is the same as "좋다", which is at the end of the sentence preceded by the word "이" / "가" at the end of the noun.

For Examples :

  1. 그 가방이 싫다   = that bag is bad 
  2. 이 비행기가 싫다  = this plane bad
  3. 이 사진이 싫다  = this picture is bad
  4. 그 바나나가 싫다 = that banana is bad/not tasty.

How to Express Much or Many in Korean

Much/many is an adjective used to express the number of objects. To express the number of objects or subjects we can use "많다" before the object or subject for countable or uncountable nouns. Let's look at the following examples:

But, "많다" can also be placed at the end of a sentence without changing the meaning of the sentence significantly. Let's look at the following example:
  • 음식이 많아 (lots of food)
  • 파파야가 많아 (there are a lot of Papayas)

In the first example "많다" is located before the noun, the affixed word that must be used is "은". Whereas in the second example, "많다" is located at the end of the sentence and "많다" must be preceded by the term "이" / "가" which is located after the noun. 


Korean Descriptive Adjectives

The word "The" that is used for adjectives in Korean is to change adjectives by giving affixes, repetitions, and absorption. Now, we will only learn about affix words in adjectives. Almost all adjectives in Korean end with syllables 다, to make changes to adjectives the syllables "다" are replaced with "은" or "ㄴ". The syllable "은" will replace the base word that ends with a consonant, while "ㄴ" will replace an adjective that has a base word ending with vowels as described in the image below:


Possessive Adjective in Korean

In English, we already know a lot about pronouns using "my", "his", and the others. Whereas in Korean "Possessive adjective" only use one word, namely "의" as explained in Image below.



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