Learn Korean: what is 'at' in Korean?
Korean Adverb of Time
In addition to indicating the location, the word "에" is also used to express time. Example:
> 여름 에 나의 아빠 가 왔어요.
(My father arrived in the summer).
However, Koreans usually do not include "에" when expressing the following words; today (오늘), tomorrow (내일), and yesterday (어제).
Not only to indicate the time of an event, but "에" also used to indicate the time which serves to express the intensity of an event that occurs, such as often, rarely and many more. Look at the following example:
> 나는 오늘 영화를 본다
(I watch the movie today)
> 내일 도서관에 갈거야
(I will go to the library tomorrow)
> 어제 그 남자를 만났어
(I met that man yesterday)
Talking about time in Korean, not only adverbs are needed but also numbers to indicate how long an event occurred. The Korean number is used to refer to a clock as a "pure" number and to mention minutes or seconds we will use the "Sino" number.
Now we will talk about how long an event happened. For that, we will use the word "동안" which means "during". Examples:
1. 3(세) 시간 동안 → for 3 hours.
2. 10(십) 분 동안 → for 10 minutes.
3. 3(삼) 초 동안 → for 3 seconds.
In example number 1, "시간" has the same meaning as "시". But, to indicate time using “hours”, "시" cannot be used together with "동안". So the function is replaced by "시간".
For example: 1 분 은 60 초 입니다 (1 minute is 60 seconds).
Read this article if you don't know or still confused How to Mention Numbers in a Sentence.
Now (이 순간)
The meaning of "now" is an event that happened at one time, for example, it happened this month, this week, this time, this year, and today. "This" is expressed with the word "이번" followed by a time statement.
For example:
1. 이번주 → this week
2. 이번달 → this month
3. 이번시간 → this time
But, the word 이번 cannot be used to indicate "this year" and "today". Because "this year" in Korean is "울해" and today is "오늘".
Last/Next (지난)
Words that can be used to show the past or future are "지난" and "다음". These two words can only be used to show events that happened in the month, week. Because Last Year is "작년" and Next Year is "내년".
> 지난 주에 영화를 봤어요
(Last week I watched the film)
> 저는 다음 주에 운도할것습니다
(Next week I will do exercise)
> 지난 달에는 한국에 다녀왔고
(Last month I went to Korea)
> 다음 달에는 시드니에 갈 거예요
(Next month, I'm going to Sydney)
> 작년에 저는 대학을 졸업했습니다
(Last year, I graduated from college)
> 내년에는 미국에서 공부할 것입니다
(Next year, I will be studying in the United States)
> 지난 시간 (last time), 다음 시간/ 다음 번 (Next time)
Last
“Last” is an adverb that can also be used to express an order, “last” in Korean can be indicated using "마지막". For example:
이것은 나의 마지막 기회 입니다 (this is my last chance)
이것은 나의 마지막 비행 입니다 (this is my last flight)
Day, Month, and Year
1. Day (일/날)
It is a word used to express time specifically. There are two words meaning "day" in Korean, these words are "일" or "날". "일" is usually used to name the day and number of days, to state the number of days we can use the "sino" number or by using the designation of the day in the following list:
하루: one day
이틀: Two days
사흘: Three days
Examples :
> 나는 3일 (삼) 동안 기타를연습했어
I practiced the guitar for 3 days
> 나는 사흘 동안 2. 밥을 안 먹었어
I didn’t eat rice for 3 days
2. Days (날)
“날” is a word used to talk about “day” specifically. Let’s look at the following example:
> 저는 그 날에 아팠어요
(That day I was sick)
> 나는 그 날에 내아버지는 만났어
(I met my father that day)
3. Week (주)
“Week” isn’t Sunday. Week in Korean is "주". This word is followed by the "sino" number to denote the number. let's look at the following example:
> 저는 다음주에 미국에 갈거야
(I will go to America next week)
> 나는 2(일) 주일 동안 바리에 머물럿어
(I live in Bali for 2 weeks)
For example no. 2 when talking about something that has happened for several weeks, we must add "일" after the word "주".
4. Month (달)
There are two words that mean "Moon" in Korean, namely "달" and "개월". When we will use "달" for the number of moons, the numbers that follow it are "pure" and vice versa "개월" followed by the "pure" number. Example:
> 저는 2(두)달 동안 바리에 휴갑입니다
(I vacationed in Bali for 2 months)
> 나는 2(일)개월 영어를 배웠어
(I learned English for 2 months)
5. Year (년)
When we want to say "year", we must use the number "sino". Example:
> 저는 3(삼) 년동안 오빠를 안만났어요
(I didn't meet my brother for 3 years)
> 저는 3(삼)년 동안 널 기다릴거야
(I will wait for you for 3 years)
Adverbs of Adjectives
Adjectives can turn into adverbs. To distinguish adjectives and adverbs, only in the last syllable. If the adjective has the last syllable "다" then the syllable adverb changes to "게".
There are two exceptions to get the change in the last syllable to "게" because the syllable is only changed by the syllable "이".
See the difference in using the word "많이" in the following two sentences:
> 저는 많은 책을 산다
(I buy many books).
> 저는 책을 믾이 산다
(I buy many books).
The two sentences have the same meaning, but the writing structure is different. In number 1, "많은" is an adjective located before the object, while at number 2 "많이" is an adverb placed after the object is pronounced or written. Let’s look at the examples below, adjectives can be used twice:
그는 아주 안전하게 걸었다
(He walks very carefully)
소녀는 매우 부드럽게 울어
(Girl cries very softly)
If you haven't learned how to read and write Korean letters, then you can read and learn them here
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